Guides
Language guides
Short, practical guides to exam formats and grammar points that learners ask about often. Each one ends with a five-item practice set and a pointer to the next step.
French
DELF A2 Exam Format: Papers, Timing, Scoring
How the DELF A2 is organized: four papers, the 100-point scale, the pass mark, and how to divide your study weeks across each skill before test day.
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French Subjunctive: Triggers and Formation
Know when French requires the subjonctif: the main triggers, how to form the present, the irregular verbs, and common traps such as penser que and après que.
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DALF C1 Synthèse: How to Write It
How to approach the synthèse in the DALF C1 written paper: find the problématique, plan by ideas, reformulate sources, and avoid the usual pitfalls.
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German
- Goethe B1 Unlocked
Goethe B1 Schreiben: The Three Tasks Explained
A walkthrough of the three Goethe-Zertifikat B1 writing tasks: the informal email, the forum post, and the formal email, with phrases and a timing plan.
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German Genders: Der, Die, Das Rules That Work
Learn the noun endings that reliably signal der, die, or das in German, how compound nouns get their gender, and the exceptions worth memorizing first.
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Spanish
Ser vs Estar in Spanish: A Clear Guide
Ser and estar both mean to be. See the simple rule of thumb, the uses of each verb, the adjectives that change meaning, and five practice items with answers.
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Spanish Subjunctive: When and How to Use It
A step-by-step guide to the Spanish present subjunctive: when it is required, how to form it, the irregular verbs, and the doubt and desire triggers to learn.
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Italian
Italian Passato Prossimo vs Imperfetto
Learn when to use the passato prossimo and when to use the imperfetto in Italian, with formation, time markers, meaning shifts, and five practice items.
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English
English Job Interview Answers: A Practical Guide
Practical interview English for non-native speakers: how to answer about yourself, structure examples, choose the right tense, and ask for clarification.
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